Starbucks Negative Points Essay Example for Free

Starbucks Negative Points EssayStarbucks is Hypocritical well-nigh community service. Although they supposedly pride themselves on being involved with projects that help improve the community, cycle and making a difference in the world , In actual this is not the case . The Plastic cups which they use be not recyclable, and even if they were, many a(prenominal) Starbucks stores do not have recycling bins. Starbucks bought 2. 5 billion cups for stores in North America in 2007.The 10% recycled paper cups used by Starbucks ar not recyclable, because the plastic coating that prevents the cup from leaking also prevents it from being recycled. The plastic cups used for cold drinks are also non-recyclable in most regions. Starbucks cups were originally make using plastic 1 (polyethylene terephthalate, PETE) merely were changed to plastic 5 (polypropylene, PP). The former type of plastic can be recycled in most regions of the U. S, whereas the latter cannot.Starbucks is considerin g using biodegradable material instead of plastic to line the cups, and is testing composting of the existing cups. It does not track recycling at licensed locations in airports, grocery stores and elsewhere. Environmentalists are not happy with Starbucks environmental record. They are concerned about everything from new plastic stoppers for coffee lids to Starbucks bottled water brand, Ethos. The Starbucks does not use recycled plastic in Ethos bottles, but the product is manufactured by PepsiCo, which uses recycled plastic in its own bottles.Off Late Starbucks gives customers a 10-cent discount when they bring their own reusable cup, and it now uses corrugate cup sleeves made from 60 percent post-consumer recycled fiber. But the same is still not propagated in all the regions Also there are various complaints from the customers about the rude behavior of Starbucks Staff and poor customer service from the Staff. Although this may vary from region to region and store to store the ba seline is being such(prenominal) a big name in the Industry Starbucks needs to concentrate more on Staff training on Hospitality and customer discourse

Pulmonary Hypertension And Physical Therapy Health And Social Care Essay

pulmonic Hypertension And Physical Therapy Health And Social sustainment EssayThe aim of this carry is to clarify personal therapys situation in rehabilitating pneumonic high profligate pressure (PH) patients, by explaining PH with regard to its history, etiology, prevalence, anatomy of pulmonic arteries, definition, subgroups, patophysiology, its faces, how it is diagnosed, and its signs and symptoms. storyPulmonary Hypertension was first discovered in 1981 by Dr. Ernst Von (4), but it was already prepareting attention in 1970s in Europe (3), and in the 1990s PH arise again in the United States on with the release of weight loss drugs (3).The natural history ofprimary pulmonary hypertensionwas evaluated in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) registry from 1981-1987. Of the 194 patients included in the study, 63% were female and 37% were male. The flirt with age was 36 years, with no ethnic differences. The median survival after diagnosis was 2.5 years (2).EtiologyP ulmonary hypertension deal be a solving of many conditions and drugs. These include left hand embrace failure (diastolic dysfunction), p arnchymal lung disease with hypoxia, sleep apnea, connection tissue disorders, and pulmonary embolism (1). In addition using appetite suppressants such(prenominal) as fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine whitethorn be associated with an adjoind risk of P.H. also cocaine or amphetamine ingestion may be an different(prenominal) contributing factor (2).PrevalenceOne study has shown that the frequency of PH in adults is predicted to increase, based on the high proportion of pulmonary hypertensionrelated deaths and hospitalizations has occurred among adults aged 65 years, especially if the patient was diagnosed with chronic flavor failure (6). another(prenominal) study has indicated that PH is still r are, with a prevalence of 30-50 cases per million (7) the rate of primary pulmonary hypertensionis approximately 2 cases per million individuals in the usual population while secondary pulmonary arterial hypertensionis dependent on its etiology (2). Most of cases of primary PH are sporadic, but 10% of them are familial (2). According to the World Health Organization, idiopathic PAH is rare and has a prevalence of 6 per million in France. PAH that is associated with other conditions has prevalence of 15 per million (15) idiopathic PAH accounts for at least of 40% of cases, and associated PAH for closely of the remaining cases. IPAH is twice as common in women as in men, with a mean age of diagnosis of 36 years (7). This prevalence is higher in particularized risk groups 0.5%, in human immunodeficiency virus infected-patient, 0.5%, in patients withsickle carrell disease, and up to 16% in patients with systemic sclerosis (7).Pulmonary hypertensionPulmonary arteriesIt is critical to know the anatomy of the pulmonary arteries (PA), so the patho-physiology can be mum the pulmonary arterys function is to carry venous blood from the right ventricle of the marrow to the lungs (9). It is atomic number 53 of the terminal branches of pulmonary trunk, and it is divided into the right PA and left PA (8). The RPA is longer than the LPA. The LPA pierces thepericardium and encrypts the hilum of the left lung, but the RPA passes transversely across the midline in the upper office and passes below theaortic archto enter the hilum of the right lung(8).DefinitionPH is defined as high blood pressure in the lungs arteries and the right side of the nucleus (10), which can legal deformity the lungs irreversibly, and cause failure of right ventricle(8). In normal individuals, the pressure in the pulmonary arteries is lower than the pressure in the systemic circulation, and if it has increased abnormally, it is considered as PH, which is collect to compress or stiffening of the pulmonary arteries (11).PH groupsA patient, who has pulmonary artery pressure which is higher than 25 mm Hg at rest, and more(prenominal) than 30 mm Hg during activity, is considered to have PH (12). The world health organization has divided PH in to five groups (12). The five group compartmentalisation is a new system, because PH used to be classified into primary PH and secondary PH (12). This new system is based on the vestigial cause of PH (12).The first group of PH is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) it is divided into three subtypes familial PH, idiopathic PH, and associated PH (1). Familial PAH is acquire and a person has it in his/her genes from parents (12). Idiopathic PAH has no known cause (12). The last subtype is the associated PAH, which is caused by different conditions, such as congenital heart disease, HIV infection, diet medications, drugs, toxins, portal hypertension, thyroid disorders, and connective tissue disorders (1, 12).The second group is PH with left heart disease (1, 11, 12). The problems that affect the left side of the heart are valvular heart disorders (mitral valve disease), and atrial or ventricular heart disorders (chronic high blood pressure) (11, 12).The third group is PH associated with lung disorders, hypoxemia, or both. These lung conditions can be alveolar hypoventilation disorders, COPD, chronic exposure to high altitude, developmental abnormalities, interstitial lung disease, or sleep-disordered eupneic.The fourth group is pulmonary hypertension which is due to chronic thrombotic or embolic disorders, and it includes nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism (tumors, parasites, and foreign veridicals), thromboembolic obstruction of distal or proximal pulmonary arteries, and sickle cell anemia (1, 12).The fifth and last group of PH is the miscellaneous type (due to various other diseases or conditions), such as compression of pulmonary vessels by adenopathy, fibrosing mediastinitis, lymphangiomatosis, pulmonary langerhans cell granulomatosis (histiocytosis), sarcoidosis, or tumors (1, 12).Pathophysiology of PHAs mentioned previously, PH occurs when the systolic and mean pressures in the pulmonary arteries exceed 30- 20 mm Hg, respectively (2). At slightly point, it hypertrophizes smooth muscles, remodels vascular walls and vasoconstricts vessels (1) this vasoconstriction is a result of increased activity of thromboxane and endothlin-1, which are considered as vasoconstrictors, and decreased activity of prostacycylin and nitric oxide as vasodilators (1). These changes and the imbalance in the production of endothelial-derived vasoactive-mediators are both vital for the causality of PH (13). The PH physiologic mechanism is either an increased pulmonary vascular confrontation (PVR) or increased pulmonary venous pressure (PVP) (1). The suffering of the pulmonary vascular bed or vasocnstriction due to hypoxia can lead to increased PVR, but vascular obstruction can cause PVP to increase, and increased PVP get out further injure the endothelium (1), and that ordain develop dysfunction of the pulmonary vascular endothelium, which may worsen PH (13), because injury on the endothelium will activate clotting at its intimal surface (1).CausesPH is the result of variety of factors and conditions, although in the case of idiopathic PH, the causes are not known (1, 12). Lung and heart disorders are the most common cause of PH(1). Examples are emphysema, failure of left heart ventricle, recurrent pulmonary embolism (1,12), scleredoma,(12), mitral valve disease, (13), pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, sarcoidosis, Langerhans cell granulomatosis (histiocytosis), neurologic diseases involving the respiratory muscles (1), chronic low blood atomic number 8 levels withsleep apnea. Left-sided heart failure as a cause of PH will not happen unless one of the heart valves does not work properly, the left ventricle is stressed by high blood pressure, or a heart attack or some other disorder involving the heart diminishes the ability of heart muscle to pump (1). Pulmonary and lung arteries linings undergo change at cellular level, a nd these changes affect artery functions, tip to lung diseases and pulmonary artery changes which include tightening of arteries walls, or these walls get stiffened at birth or from outgrowth of cells, or blood clots in the arteries all these will make it harder for the heart to pump blood through the arteries in to the lungs (13). Other causes of PH include dermatomyositis, systemiclupuserythematosus,sarcoidosis,human immuno-deficiency virus(HIV),advancedliver disease, Sickle cell anemia (12, 13), use of anti-obesity drugs cocaineandmethamphetaminescan (1,12, 13), obesity with reduced ability to breathe (pickwickian syndrome) , extensive loss of lung tissue from surgery or trauma(1). Also PH can be genically inherited through parents (12, 13).Diagnosing PHIn a patient suspected of having PH, diagnosis is confirmed with a family history, a physical examination, and diagnostic tests, and procedures (11). The physical examination is done by auscultation, inspection of swelling in th e legs and ankles (11), examination of the jugular vein in the neck for engorgement, examination of the abdomen, legs, and ankles for fluid retention, and hook beds for cyanosis (13). Diagnostic tests include electrocardiogram (ECG), chest radiography, echocardiography, testing for connective tissue disorders and other conditions, ventilation perfusion scan, pulmonary function testing, and assessment of functional place, right heart catheterization (13), pulmonary angiogram, blood test, and over night oximetry (13, 11). If the ECG indicates abnormality, it suggests right heart failure (12), and may indicate right ventricular hypertrophy and strain (13), or presence of PAH. Abnormalities include right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy and strain patterns, and right atrial explosion (13). Chest radiography indicates any enlargement in the right heart ventricle or pulmonary arteries (11, 13), and it is mostly found with idiopathic PAH patients however asymptomatic PAH ha s normal radiographic findings (13). The testing of connective tissue disorders is by serologic testing, and to test the presence of conditions such as scleroderma, CREST syndrome mixed connective tissue disorder, and systemic lupus erythematosus (13). Ventilation perfusion scan is another diagnostic tool to bring out blood clots in pulmonary arteries (11, 12) and it is used to diagnose and differentiate between thrombo-embolic PH and idiopathic PH (11, 13), with sensitivity of 90% to 100%, and specificity of 94% to 100% (13). Pulmonary function testing is used to diagnose chronic obstructive disease (COPD), which can be a cause of PH (11, 12) it is also used exclude airway and parenchymal lung diseases, which can contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension, but these findings are not specific (13). The functional status of PH patient should be assessed with a 6-minute walk test and cardiopulmonary exercising test (12, 13) the 6-minute walk test determines exercise tol erance level and blood oxygen saturation level during exercise (16). A cardiopulmonary exercise test measures heart and lung functions during exercise on a bicycle or tread-wheel (12). The gold standard to confirm the diagnosis of P.H. is right heart catheterization (11) it is useful in assessing the severity of pulmonary hypertension (13). It is done by inserting a catheter into the femoral nerve or into the subclavian nerve. The catheter is connected to a device that can monitor and measure blood pressure in the right side of the heart and pulmonary arteries (11). Right-heart catheterization can also determine mean pulmonary artery pressure, mean right atrial pressure, and cardiac index another use of it is excluding other etiologies of pulmonary hypertension, such asintracardiac shunting and left-sided heart disease (13). The response of certain medications, such as acute vasodilators, can be assessed during right heart catheterization (11, 13). Other extra tests used in diagnos ing PH are various types of blood testing. These are complete metabolic panel (CMP) to examine liver and kidney function, autoantibody blood tests, such as ANA, ESR, and others to screens for collagen vascular diseases, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) screening, HIV test, arterial blood floates (ABG), complete blood count (CBC) to test for infection, elevated hemoglobin, and anemia, and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (16). To detect sleep apnea nocturnal oximetry or overnight oximetry may be used it is common to have low oxygen level during sleep with P.H. patient (12, 13, 16).Signs and symptomsIn the early stage, PH is asymptomatic or have no specific signs or symptoms (11, 14). These symptoms and signs include cough, fatigue (11) dizziness, fainting and a bluish cast on lips and splutter (14), shortness of breath, tiredness, chest pain, a racing heartbeat, feeling lightheaded, swelling in legs and ankles (12). These can be indications for any other disease. As a consequence of non-specificity, diagnosis will be delayed and the mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis is about two years (13). The symptoms of PH are manifestations of impaired oxygen transport and reduced cardiac output, and the most frequent symptom is dyspnea, which occurs in 60% of patients (13). As symptoms advance, patients complain of dyspnea, exercise intolerance, fatigue, chest pain, and angina (13, 11). Most PH patients get right ventricular hypertrophy, followed by dilation and right ventricular heart failure (1). The symptoms of right heart failure include peripheral edema, type AB distension, decreased appetite, early satiety, profound dyspnea, exercises intolerance (13). Other signs include systolic ejection murmur across the pulmonary valve, increased jugular venous pressure, angular regurgitation, hepatomegaly and ascites, and peripheral edema (13). Other physical signs are cyanosis (point of presence of right to left shunting), decreased cardiac output, impairment in int rapulmonary gas transfer, and pulmonary congestion and left sided heart disease, while decreased breath sounds and wheezing are suggestive of fibrosis and pulmonary parenchymal disease (13).TreatmentThe medical interposition program starts with the avoidance of activities that may exacerbate condition (1), and it is generally includes taking medications, making lifestyle and dietary changes, and maybe having surgery (16). Medications are also used, depending on the type and severity of PH (16).PAH is treated by oral Ca channel blockers (verapamil), endothelin-receptor antagonist (bosentan-ambrisentan- sildenafil), ,digoxin,diuretics, and oralanticoagulants (1, 4).The other PH typesinvolve management of the underlying disorder. Patients with pulmonary hypertension from left-sided heart disease may need surgery for valvular disease. Patients with lung disorders and hypoxia benefit from supplemental O2 as well as give-and-take of the primary disorder.Patients with severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic thromboembolic disease should be considered for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Under cardiopulmonary bypass, organized endothelialized thrombus is dissected along the pulmonary trunk in a procedure more complex than acute surgical embolectomy (1).Vasoactive substances in general are used in treating different groups of PH. This kin of medications includes prostaglandins, endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, and activators of soluble guanylate cyclase (4).The surgical solution can be one of these options, either atrial septostomy, lung transplantation, or pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (4, 16).PT roleThe PT role in PH is more rehabilitative in nature more than therapeutic, and it has different programs customized to each patient, and depends on the clinic or hospital approach. Pulmonary reclamation, according to Salt lake regional medical centre, is an outpatient program which will help the patients to learn lung self care, and easier breathing (19). In this centre, complete diagnostic testing is deliver the goodsd, and it includes ECG, chest x-ray, echocardiogram, pulmonary function tests, 6-minute walk tests, nuclear lung scan, CT scanning of the chest, right heart catheterization (19). In the North West therapy centre, assessment is done at the extraction by a team, including respiratory therapist, physical therapist, andsocial worker. The respiratory therapist focuses on breathing mechanics, education, aerobic conditioning and endurance for improved efficiency, pacing, and medication mechanics. The physical therapist helps in strengthening exercise, balance training, walking mechanics, postural education, energy conservation, assigning a home exercise program to maintain strength and coordination gains, sounding for orthopedic complications to therapy, and makes appropriate adjustment to plans of treatment. The last member of the team is the social worker who is considered as a resou rce center for serve in community. These services include helping in smoking cessation, supporting for adjustment, grief, depression, and socialization disorders, weight management, nutrition support, and cognitive behavioral therapy (20).Pulmonary refilling (21)Since physical therapy provides rehabilitation role, the PH patient should go through a pulmonary rehabilitation program, which is an individually designed intervention program, including exerciseand education that helps patients manage the symptoms of their condition and improve their level of daily functioning and well-being (3). This program will be discussed from different aspects its purpose, basic components, precaution, process, patient preparation, and expected results.The goalsThe purpose of this program is to help increase the physical fitness level of the patient and independent functioning, reduce dyspnea, slow down or prevent the development of disease, and improve quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation a nd cardiac rehabilitation walk complement each other because the main purpose of cardiac rehabilitation is to reverse the de-conditioning and psychosocial enhancements of pulmonary disability.ComponentsPulmonary rehabilitation has basic treatment components and they are breathing exercise, coughing, percussion, postural drainage, and vibration. Breathing exercise helps in removing secretions, relaxation, and to increase thoracic cage mobility. This exercise is done by teaching the patient to produce a full inspiration followed by a controlled expiration, while placing a hand at the end of rib cage and under the chest for sensory feedback. cough up is also for secretion removal but from larger airways and it is done through steps. The patient should inhale, close the glottis, contract the expiratory muscle, then open the glottis. Both breathing exercise and coughing are done when the patient restore the ability to breath normally. Percussion is usually used with postural drainage an d both are used to mobilize secretions hold in lungs. Percussion is a rhythmic clapping of cupped hands over bare skin or thin material covering area of lung involvement, performed during inspiration and expiration. Postural drainage is a technique that involves gravity by positioning the patient to have the involved lung segment be the uppermost, which will assist in mobilizing the secretions. Another therapeutic technique is vibration, which is intermittent chest wall compression over area of lung involvement, performed during expiration only, and used along with postural drainage. The later three techniques are used when coughing or suctioning, breathing exercises, and patient mobilization are not adequate to clear retained secretions.Precautions and contraindicationsAs with any other treatment precautions and contraindications should be taken in consideration in case of PH patients during their rehabilitation program. A patient should get full medical examination before setting the program. In some cases when a patient has a medical issue, it may interfere with the treatment and pay back the exercises. In this case, the program should be modified. Conditions that may contraindicate participation in pulmonary rehabilitation include acute respiratoryinfection,ischemic cardiac disease, congestiveheart failure,seriousliverdysfunction, disabling stroke, severe psychiatric or cognitive disorders, severe pulmonary hypertension,and metastaticcancer.Rehabilitation processPulmonary rehabilitation is a punitive, expansive program of education, exercise, and behavior alteration, individually designed for patients with lung diseases. The rehabilitation program is designed to help patients learn more about their condition and how to concert its symptoms, as well as to take active steps, such as smoking cessation, oxygen use, and exercise. This program aims to improve the patients level of physical functioning, stop the promotion of the disease as much as possible, an d learn how to better live with the condition. Improved physical functioning, reduction in the symptoms of the disease, and ability to fulfill activities of daily vivacious (ADLs) more easily and independently can add to improved quality of life.Rehabilitation programA typical program takes a few weeks to a few months, and takes to three hours per session for a few days each week. During these sessions the patient should learn to manage the program independently, as home program. Patients participating in rehabilitation could be inpatients or outpatients. A daily program should consist of two main components, and they are exercise and education.The purpose of the exercise is to maintain or improve muscle strength, endurance and boilersuit fitness. In order to prescribe an exercise, blood pressure, heartrate, oxygen saturation, and dyspnea levels should be evaluated, also exercise has to be monitored by physical therapists, respiratory nurses, or other qualified health care provider s. A regular exercise program can upgrade overall fitness and energy, and make fulfillment of ADLs easier. The exercise program includes periods of w ramification-up and cool-down period, and aerobic activity.The warm-up and cool-down periods may include stretching and light strength or resistance training.Exercises involving upper and lower extremities are important for general fitness and for improvement in function during different activities. Some of the muscle groups used in arm and upper torso positioning serve respiratory functions, and thus upper limb exercises can also have a profitable effect on ventilation.The aerobic exercise component is composed of activities such as walking or using a stationary bicycle, treadmill, or other equipment. Exercise is controlled by physical therapists, respiratory nurses, or other qualified health care member.Ventilatory training may also be involved in the exercise program for certain patients. This therapy involves controlled breathing e xercises,chest physical therapytechniques such as postural drainage, chest percussion, directed cough, and vibration, and training of the inspiratory muscles.The educational component of the rehabilitation program consists of classes, manuals, and counseling or training sessions that cover different subjects, procedures, and issues, which concern patients with PH or any other chronic pulmonary disease. Education is provided by a brand of professionals, including respiratory nurses, respiratory therapists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, social workers, and dieticians. A psychologist or other mental health professional may provide counseling and direction to address mark depression, anxiety, and social isolation, which are related to symptoms of pulmonary disease. Some of the educational subjects covered include anatomy and physiology related to pulmonary function and disease, exercise theory,nutrition,techniques for using oxygen and inhalers, and ways to conserve energ y. Education related to proper nutrition and weight control can be helpful, because patients may be undernourished and have muscle wasting of the respiratory muscles, which can make breathing more difficult. If anemia is present, it can decrease oxygen-carrying capacity. Electrolyte imbalances affect cardiopulmonary performance, so these and other deficits should be treated in order to enhance functioning. If patients are overweight, the extra weight increases oxygen and energy consumption and may increase fatigue. Patients who have not yet ceased smoking should be strongly encouraged to do so.Patient preparationAfter being referred and examined by a physician, a medical history of the patient should be taken by the rehabilitation team, and some tests must be done prior to the rehabilitation program. These tests are pulmonary function tests (PFTs), chest X-rays, arterialbloodgas (ABG) analysis, pulse oximetry, and sputum examination. PFTs are performed with a spirometer to measure l ung performance and indicate the presence and extent of lung disease. A chest X-ray can show emphysema and other lung disease, includinglung cancer,for which there is increased risk among smokers with pulmonary disease. Pulse oximetry helps determine when supplemental oxygen is involve and measures oxygen in the blood. Exercise tests may be used to prescribe the length and intensity of the exercise.Expected complicationsRisk of complications such as muscle injury or cardiac reactions is always come up with exercise, but will be eliminated by careful exercise prescription and monitoring. Disease-related complications that should be monitored includefever, comical or extreme shortness of breath, irregular pulse, unanticipated weight changes, gastric complaints, or any other change that is unusual for the patient.ConclusionPulmonary hypertension is indicated when pulmonary artery pressure is higher than 25 mm Hg at rest, and more than 30 mm Hg during activity. PH is due to constricted or stiffening of the pulmonary arteries. PH is classified in to five groups, based on the underlying cause. PH is asymptomatic or has no specific signs or symptoms, but later, the patient may complain of dyspnea, exercise intolerance, fatigue, chest pain, and angina. PH treatment protocol consists of making lifestyle and dietary changes, medications, rehabilitation program, and maybe having surgery. Physical therapy plays an important role in rehabilitating PH patients. PT aims to help increase the fitness level of the patient and independent functioning, through exercise programs and education.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at Tesco

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at Tesco1.0 Introduction1.1 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYCSR is delimitate as the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic using, workings with employees, their families, the local community and society at large to improve their quality of aliveness. http//www.mallenbaker.net/csr/definition.. It cease similarly be defined as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. http//www.emagltd.co.uk/SMMT%20Sustainability%20Business%20Case.pdfCorporate social responsibility is iodin of the brass responses to regularise the imbalances resulting from the acceleration of the global contributions to societies where they operate. CSR is the confide of managing the social, environmental and economic impacts of the companion, being antiphonal to stakeholders (those who argon modify by a business operati on) and behaving according to a set of values which be not codified in uprightness. In practice the term process. http//www.ethicalconsumer.org.uk/magazine/indexes/ mathematical productindex.htmCSR describes the principle that companies can and should make a positive contribution to society. Refer to a wide range of actions that companies may take, from donating to charity to minify carbon emissions, Environmental awareness and friendliness http//www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/ecology/restore.htm. The contributions are of many dimensions but mention in the following line a few corporal philanthropy Cause-related marketing Sponsoring awards, social and environmental reporting Stakeholder engagement Stakeholder engagement Eco-efficiency, employment diversity business ethics (htt//www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles narked on 23rd November 2009)TASK 11.2 The Approach to CSR in TESCO SupermarketTESCO plc could be described as a grocery selling confederation that is duly register in the groceries market. We shall be looking at the its approaches to comeback of csr to its strategies, policies and business practices through its business core value . the definition of the company core value, was dusted to down said our core value no one tried harder to customer , and treat nation how we like to be treated characterised our approach to Corporate Social Responsibility. It is the believe of the company that she can extend to just some when they work together on practical thing that make a difference. Every little help, can become great deal when everyone pulls in same direction. ( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html)1.2.1 Environment.Tesco promote environmental issues through training package in oder to create enough awareness on the issue on environment and to throw in the towel the company to maximize its operational effectiveness initiatives1.2.2 Community.In several attempt to give back to the society where tesco operates tesco create special support for ch ildren community ground projects and education plans in order to create a peaceful environment to operate. ./ http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html)1.2.3 Suppliers ethical tradingIn other to restrain high ethical regular in it business practices, the company is said to be encouraging a long term trade relationship with supplier with a centralized distribution system with transparency and accountability to promote good quality of rang products and services at competitive pricing. (http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html)1.2.4 Customers choice and wellnessIt promote the health of the customers through the focussing of customers choices. This cold be confirmed throght the following slogan of commitment and promise of good range of prodct and service Be Inclusive by which mean tesco depart hold on to appeal to a broad range of customers and that the company will offer something for everyone through an extensive product range, offering price and product choice, in food and non-food) ,Be Innova tive by leading new customer developments new product development, retail services and technology,.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html)1.2.5 People / workersEmployee are given opportunities of carrier development programmes through Training and development programme with effective communication to facilitate staffs feedback, ,rewards and benefit are us to motivate workers is based on public presentations on the job, support schema, spell as you earn, family friendly working through pliable hours of work to accommodate mother education. ( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html)1.2.6 Genetic Modificationremoval of GM and increase in non GM option for our customer by adding organic ranges(organic food) ,labeling animal welfare and animal testing by not allowing none of the suppliers is allow to test product on animal but by using known ingredient human volunteer trials, .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html)Property tesco store is usually built with accessing line with the customers pull and the rule, landscaping is done with approval by local authority planning department.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html)1.3 The Impact of EU Membership on CSR ApproachThe TESCO CSR as been affected by continued EU membership as the ten point gender were tailored to address the requirement of the EU in terms of social responsibilities that is anticipate of any company that is operating in their communities. This is to appeal to the society where it operate being a company from non EU countryTESCO is a company originated from the non EU, European Union in it full context was established in order to promote economic corporation among the members, by removing trade barriers and also for common remote trade policies within the members and the rest of the world. In the other way round, this is has allot TESCO under certain law restriction ,even while it deem it fit to exercise its CSR agenda without an EU legal implication, such decision was been confirm recently as the TESCO had place sales embargo or restriction on its grease ones palms from Zimbabwe.In the global content, looking at barrier in different regulation governing business operation around the world, this might render most of the good intention undone. Such differences in regulation is characterised by the imbalance between the developed countries and developing countries as regards how its been governed, especially in the developing countries that overlook good governance ,where most of the multinational operate without any or less attention to the environment where they operate. Most importantly the same company might not be able to do it in the developed countries. The cartel formed through any economic union groups such as EU could hinder the implementation of corporate social responsibility .Just as the decision taking by the union superseded that of the company, therefore will not be willing to dam the consequences of being an act against the instruction of the union.TASK22.0 THE TESCO POLICIE S OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES2.1 A. the policies follow by Tesco on the environmental awareness and the actions to maintain the environment2.1.1Climate ChangeTesco supports the governments commitments to the Kyoto protocol on climate change. It is among of the Tesco targets to reducing its energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gasses responsible for climate change. .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009)2.1.2 groundless Management and RecyclingIn order to cut down the waste in their operation tesco is committed to reduce level of waste and to encourage recycling programme as much as possible.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009)..The supermarkets also have an effective recycling programme in place for its operations which board, and fictile balers in the stores and depots. These balers enable our staff to segregate packaging waste from other waste and mean that Tesco stores send no packaging waste t o landfill sites. .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009). the company also make sure that all the waste contractor used are EPA licence2.1.4 Disposal of used productsTesco have put arrangements in place with specialist contractors to ensure the environmentally compliant disposal of the fluorescent light tubes, tires, batteries and engine oils that tesco use in its business.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html)2.1.5 Plastic BagSchemes tesco has been working hand in hand with government in supporting the government since it has introduced levels in march 2002. Tesco help in collection the fees and encourage the reuse of the bags.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009)2.1.6 Customer recycling schemesin order to assist the public to play their own part on the environmental issues Tesco also lunched in store recycling scheme for customer to disposed their mobile phone.where they can also make charity donation or collect club pester point on their acc ounts.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009)2.2 B. actions which Tesco has been taken in order to maintain the environment2.2.1 Revolution in green consumptionTesco have made strides towards a revolution in green consumption incentivising the environmental option and making it more(prenominal) affordable. Through their unique Green Club pester scheme, we have reduced carrier bag use by over one billion, more than any other retailer, and we are on track to save an extra billion bags in the next year.2.2.2 Reduction in c02 emissionIn a bid to contribute to the reduction of C02 the company has established a target to sell 10 million of energy efficiency light bulbs per anum, to reduce energy consumption by half per each square al-Qaida right from 2001 which could be said to be two years ahead of target, carborn intensive in the tesco stores has been reduced to 22% since 2007. http//www.advfn.com/news). in totalty of the approach , tesco has been able to reduce t he CO2 by 10% in one year.2.2.3 Contribution to the Community.Tesco has claimed that its staff has achieved more successful Charity of the Year ever, by raising 4.4 million for the British Red Cross. it was also claimed that they have donating 100,000 to the British Red Cross flood appeal last summer, they also make provision for hygiene, foods and bottle water for the affected communities in important part of the south west.( http//www.advfn.com/news).2.2.4 Contribution to health research programmestesco has been contributing to health through sponsoring of games and events.it has help over i.5m people to get spry this year through wich it has been able to get roughly 665000 people to take part in 5km attractning through cancer research UKs Race for life plus 21000 tesco staff. Tesco also runs partnership relationship with football association as way to get 2million people to run up to the London olympic2012. Tesco also run programme in supporting football at the local level as a way of encouraging children to participate in sport events. http//www.advfn.com/news).2.3 C. policies adopted to improve Health and safety practises at the work place in TescoIn the Tesco health and safety policies, Tesco is foremost concern about the protection of health and safety of all employee, Tesco claimed to have adopted policies and procedures which are aimed at ensuring that the company meet or exceed all applicable health and safety laws and regulation as well as prevailing industry standardsFor these reasons employees are expected to be aware of how the companys health and safety policies apply to them and conduct their duties and responsibility in compliance with these policies.In 2006 TESCO set a three-year target to reduce the rate of reportable accidents in our UK workplace by 10%. At the end of the freshman two years we have already comfortably beaten the target, with a reduction of 14%. Reportable customer accidents on premises are also significantly down, by 15 % since 2006. Tesco promise to continue to strive to push the rates down even further http//www.tesco.ie/crreview08/people-progress5.html . The company also affirmed to continue to attract and retain the best staff based on our core value, treat people how we like to be treated, by making Tesco a recognise place to work.( http//www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009)However these approaches seem to address issue of health and safety as it is being require by law but the interest of the employees was seems not adequately protected. The policies seem to be silence about the importance of training the employees on the better handling of health and safety. This could be confirmed in a recent case of Tesco and one of it is employees. Supermarket chain Tesco was fined 22,000 after a general assistant lost one of his fingers attempting to fix a Master mover appliance. Darryl Mosley was working at Tesco in Haverford west in south West Wales and was trying to use the pedestria n electric tug machine to move roll cages. When he realised the mechanism on the equipment was faulty, he attempted to fix it manually. (Published by Tesco admin on March 27, 2009)In respect to environmental awareness, Tesco have it in its policies to minimize the effect of her operation on the natural environment We endeavour to meet all regulation and the industry standards by implementing grant measure for the assessment of the potential environmental effects and for appropriate response to any incident that may occurred. Employee is also charge to be familiar with the required environmental standard that applies to their works at Tesco and to comply with these standards at all times. (http//www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009)TASK 33.0 ANALYSIS OF THE WORKFORCE regeneration AND EMPLOYEE WELFARE IN TESCO AND THE APPROACHES IT HAS USED IN MANAGING AND EXPLOITING THE WORKFORCE DIVERSITY FOR ITS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE3.1 Steps that has been taken in ensuring Workforc e Diversity and Employee Welfare in Tesco plc3.2 Introduction of diversity strategy and policiesTesco want everyone at Tesco to meet their full potential regardless of age, gender, disability, ethnicity or sexual orientation. Tesco diversity strategy and policies aims for a hands at all levels that mirrors the communities we serve. The priorities reflect those of the countries in which we operate. Tesco focus on employing local people and developing local leaders wherever we operate. Of the 180,000 people employed in their international business, fewer than 200 are from our UK business. http//www.tescoreports.com/crreview08/downloads/tesco_valuing_our_people.pdf access on 20th nov.2009)3.3 Ethnic and cultural diversityTESCO diversity policies do not discriminate on the basis of ethnic origin. and it also promote understanding of different cultures to help employees work effectively together .inter religion approach is encourage by the company as the store in UK celebrate cultural f estivals with the British festivals. In other word, it promote .In 2007, this toolkit was updated to cover the growing range of cultures and countries our employees and customers come from, including Bangladesh, the Caribbean, China, Ghana, India, Pakistan, Poland and Somalia. http//www.tescoreports.com/crreview08/downloads/tesco_valuing_our_people.pdf3.4 Employees to different people of cultural backgroundIntroduction of the workforce diversity practices in Tesco has allow the company to enjoy multicultural business values , an approach which has made him to capture more market supermarket sector especially in united kingdom where there is full presence of people of different cultural background. Employees of different background are brought together to work in the same company, this facilitate motivation among the workers and therefore lead to hi retentions of the workers in Tesco. (http//www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.20093.5 No favoritism on Age groundThere is n o retirement age in any of the countries where we operate and employ people in their 70s and 80s. In 2007, we launched apprenticeships in the UK for people of all ages to help them develop their careers.3.6 Gender and sexual OrientationIn 2007 the Tesco Womens Network, was launched which aims to help female managers and directors progress. Around 150 women from across the Group attend the launch event. We are in the process of forming a similar network for sexual orientation. http//www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009)3.7 Flexible workingTESCO support flexible hours whenever possible. In the UK this includes family-friendly shifts, opportunities for full- and part-time workers, childcare vouchers and career breaks. TESCO also encourage job sharing, flexi-time and compressed hours, shift swaps, home working and part-time working when practical. This has given Tesco the advantage of high commitment and reduces employees turn over.3.8 Human rightsTesco is committed to up holding basic Human Rights and supports in full the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International bray Organization Core Conventions. Tesco provide a safe working environment for our employees by minimizing foreseeable risks in the workplace. Employees have the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining. http//www.tescoplc.com/plc/corporate_responsibility_09/people/human_rights/ This create high sense of belonging among the Tesco workers and they trusted their careers with Tesco where they felt their right where been protected. (http//www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009)4.0 CONCLUSIONOrganisation now scratch itself in a wider environment that is full of turbulent and unpredictable .This is an important issue that is correcting any myopic thinking that governance objective is all about profit maximisation , but also to consider the issue of corporate social responsibility as a matter of high priority. No organisation can e xist without the environment and the profit objective can also be affected if attention is not given to it .It also bring about the ethical issue that has to do with organisation values and how the corporate organisation relate with the environment.The social responsibilities also involve the organisation culture and value and how the employees are treated in the work place. There would not be any doubt, if corporate social responsibility is an obligation require from individual organisations which could be varies in proportion to the capacity of such organisation and the implication of their service on the environment.In the global context organisation that are Multinational, International Transnational, finds themselves in vaporific and conflicting zone of the great corporate social responsibilities. Economic unions ,political groups and other form of pressure groups are in place to make sure that organisation are made to attend to the social responsibility as one of the companys objectives .This has constituted a lot of conflicts in dealing with regulations due to different in regulations and other environmental changes in different countries and continents. The contents of which were differ from each other .It is therefore considered that organisation and the environment could not be separated or treat in isolation one is the function of another and to make the other work, one need to reciprocate in term of its obligation in the area of responsibilities. Just the way everything seems to have been working for Tesco UK PLC.4.1 RecommendationAs a result of the conclusion to this report the relevant of the corporate responsibilities to organisation performance and to the achievement of the organisation overall goals could no longer be denied. Hence this report will give room for more report on the issue of the CSR and how the organisation can apply that to gain competitive advantage.REFERENCESRichard C. (2006) New Era of Management, Thomson South West, ISE, U K.http//www.euhtt//www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles accessed on 23rd November 2009)htt//www.tescocorporate.com/page.aspx?poitend accessed on second December, 2009http//www.tescocorporate.com/plc/ir/rns/rnsitem?id=1214847199nRn2d9573Xt=popup_rn.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html)(12-9-09) http//www.advfn.com/news_Final-Results_27119452.html instauration Business Council for Sustainable Development, Cross Cutting Themes -Corporate Responsibility 2004. Available at http//www.wbcsd.org, accessed May 2004.http//ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1450context=commpapers accessed on 2nd December, 2009http//www.tescoplc.com/plc/corporat/ accessed on 2nd December, 2009http//www.tesco.ie/crreview08/people-progress5.html accessed on 2nd December, 2009

What are the key considerations in branding exercise

What ar the winder experimental conditions in piting exercise patsys merchant ship be defined as the look fors that consumers believe in. In general, give away is an image that makes its way into consumers mind to influence how they think and procure. It is based on the promise of the results to the consumers. A brand, in essence, is related to the promise you argon going to de blisteringr to the consumers about the fruits and the benefits after using or purchasing the products. (Keller, 1993)A lot of people have misunderstanding towards concept of brand. They intellection changing the logo and company be the complete set of brand exercise. Branding isnt a veneer that you slap on (usually in the form of a new logo) to mask or transform a product offering. Treating brand like whatsoever skin-deep solution to your origins problems is like putting lipstick on a pig People see with the makeup, no matter how thick the application. According to Aaker, and Keller (1990), br anding has to go all the way to the core of either angiotensin converting enzyme and the identity part for all.Before starting doing any brand exercise, there are some mindset preparation affects to be established. First when you start building your brand, you moldiness let the whole world to believe and confident towards your promise on your products. The product promises should be unique and represent the values of the products to be delivered to the customers. The promises you have made, should be delivered to your consumers at the same pace in term of name, logo, message and the company name. The body of the brand is important especially when doing publicity, advertisements or even maintaining customer relationship. aft(prenominal) building up the brand, brand maintenance is very important. (Muniz and OGuinn, 2001). We must reinforce the brand promise. We must have self evaluation on the brand consistency with the message that we hope to deliver. If the brand does not show consistency, you tend to spoil your brand and put your brand at risk because consumer would think that you are severance your promise to deliver the message to the consumers.No branding exercise is going to success if you are rushing for building up the brand. When building up a brand, we must always focus, persistence and put passion into it. Besides, branding exercise needs high enthronisation. The higher the risk, the higher the return. The return on investment for brand exercise is huge because you will increase the involvement of market share at long run. Remember, you would not be commensurate to see the results of branding at short time. Hence, building up branding exercise of a product or company follows the principle of Rome is not built in one day Time, effort are the success draw for building a brand.Brands create consumer trust and emotional attachments. For example, when we think of a convenient store, we will in spades think of 7-11. Why? This asshole be explaine d that the store has created the trust and emotional attachments among us. Branding exercise enhances customer commitment and help the organization to win through even when they are having toll war or having new competitors in the market.In consumer behaviour studies, brand in reality a information neurologically. For example, you are able to identify a logo because you believe how and what the logo represents. For example, Coffee Bean sells coffee. It stands for daily respiration. Remember, the brand lives in consumer minds, so branding is the process of development consumer beliefs and perception that are accurate and in conjunctive with what you want your brand to be.Key Considerations in Branding ExerciseThere is several keys consideration in branding exercise. It can be described through the diagram when taking action of brand exercise.The first key of consideration is the product definition. According to Balmer (1995) you can actually brand anything that wish to such as inspection and repairs, products, organisation, even people. Complete understanding of the product you would like to brand is the first consideration to be taken into account.The assist consideration is the positioning of products. During positioning, we have to keep out the is found in the consumers mind. Hence, the positioning should be unique, meaningful, and available spot in the market attitude. The uniqueness of the product that enables the product to stand out from the market is intrinsic to understand your own product before taking the decision to brand the product.Next, the promise is the important element in branding exercise. In fact, the promise delivers by the product is the fundamental of the message to be delivered to the consumers. This promise shows what the product can deliver or how the product does helps the consumer. The key promises actually create the interest among consumers and credibility of the products. Most of the brand consultant would start the br anding exercise by giving a fantastic name, creating a nice logo and launch the product to the market place with nice and beautiful packaging. (Keller, 2003).Persistence plays important role in branding. It is the important key consideration during branding. This is the point in the branding cycle where too many brands lose steam. After brands are launched, brand owners often get tired of their own looks and messages and acquire to improvise with new looks, new messages, and even new brand personalities and promises. Just when consistency is most necessary in order to gain clarity and self-confidence in the marketplace, brands that lack persistence go off track.The persistence of the brand can be evaluated through perception analysis. In a consumers mind which is where brands live and thrive a brand is a set of beliefs about what a company offers, promises, and stands for. Great brands continually monitor brand perceptions to see that theyre in alignment with the brand owners as pirations and in synch with consumer wants and needs. Based on the results of perception analysis, brand owners begin their loop around the branding cycle again, this time adjusting their products, fine-tuning their positioning statements, strengthening their promises, update their presentations, rewriting their brand management rules, and once again monitoring perceptions in order to guide ongoing brand realignments and revitalizations.2. Never in my life did I think that any of my traditional dishes.. that I cured in my backyard would one day appear in store say Tescos partner Khun Kanungnit.Explain the key benefits of branding and how does branding change the way Tescos partner Khun Kanungnit operate his fear?Key Benefit of BrandingMost dutymen have the dilemma the statement, To Brand or not to Brand. The consideration involved of the return on investment (ROI) worth for the value. However, the concept of branding brings more advantages to the business.First, the brands unlock profitability. Doing business in this warlike world creates problems to the new comers. All businesses are focusing on different areas and they are competing with each other. Product differentiation, provide a better service pass the competitive key for all business. According to Berry (2000), consumers now are smart to do comparison on the price, caliber of the products. Brands provide the platform for the product and business to venture into strategical advantage environment.Second, brands prompt consumer selection. The buying process now has changed. Traditional purchasing behaviour focus on direct selling and also face to face communication. Now, with advancement with internet and wireless connection, people can even use hand phone or ipad to purchase. The change of the buying behaviour watchs the geographic limitation. The boundless marketplace creates more challenge to the business and creates the needs of branding to the businesses.Third brands build name awareness. Acc ording to Theory think and Action (TRA) model awareness is the fundamental of purchase behaviour. Creating a brand can be enhanced through logo trademark registration. According to Ha (1998), there are nearly 99% of the words found in the English dictionary has been registered as the domain name to be used as the marketing strategy. Some of the names even are put as the trademark. Now, a lot of new business created words is not found in the dictionary to be used as their business. Those invented names have strong and diligent word so they create consumer awareness, recall, and meaning.Forth, Park, Jaworski and Maclnnis (1986) reported the brands increase the odds of business survival. When analysing product life cycle, we understand that boost up a product is meaty in order to avoid the product reaches saturated stage. Brand helps to break through this barrier. With this strategy, products would continue to survive without having strike by the sinking of consumer awareness, unders tanding, and preferenceIn fact, brands do not only brings advantages in financial prospective further it also creates non financial benefits such as customer loyalty, words of month marketing strategy and others. Even branding exercise needs high investment but the outcome of successful branding exercise would create unlimited benefit to the products and also organisation in the long run.Change of business physical process due to brandingThere are several changes that were done by Tesco in Thailand in order to win the topical anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic market. The following strategies are implementedContinue to develop market of case Thai products so that every customer can discover, use the goods that are made for Thailand citizen.Involve in local participation Surin Limited partnership.Continue to maintain quality, cleanliness and general statements of productsContinue to work hard to find useful information, and constantly getting advice from Tesco Britain to provide the best service to the consumersProvide strategic differentiation in term of service and product to the consumers.During implementing branding exercise, Tesco in Thailand continue to develop market of quality Thai products so that every customer can discover, use the goods that are made for Thailand citizen. All products that are displayed in Tesco Thailand have undergone product quality assessment. During quality assessment, health, food safety, varieties issues are taken care to ensure customer satisfaction. Besides, marketing research is conducted from time to time in order to know the needs of the consumers in term of price strategy, product site in order to satisfy the customers. The center wants to brand them as the one stop center that the customers can find everything in there. Hence, Tesco Thailand tries to occupy the quality not only products but also the service.Tesco in Thailand involve in local participation Surin Limited partnership. When implementing branding exe rcise, elaboration issues are essential to determine the success in a local market. Internationalization is important when penetrating in new countries (Welch, 1988). Tesco Britain can be successful in their foot country, but they have to based on local culture on the concept of do and dont in management so that would not offense local people. For example, certain words can be used in Britain in the advertisement. However, the same words can be offensive in local market. The pagan issue consideration can be handd with local participation Surin Limited partnership.Tesco in Thailand brand themselves as the quality, cleanliness and general statements of products. They continue to maintain this concept the portion out comfortable feeling to the consumers. As in ISO 9002 of Tesco, washrooms need to be cleaned every two hours to ensure the cleanliness. (Smith and Sparks, 2004). Besides, the expired date of the products is checked by the stock keepers every month so that the product quality is maintained. Not only that, Tesco works together with local farmers to supply the fresh food, meat and meat to them. This exercise in fact becomes the branding identity for Tesco with the tagline, Fresh vegetable everyday.In order to maximize satisfaction take of customers, Khun Thanyapat always continue to work hard to find useful information, and constantly getting advice from Tesco Britain to provide the best service to the consumers. Thailand has move to knowledge society. Product information is important to ensure customers satisfaction. Leaflets are put on the entrance of the Tesco so the consumer are awared of the product range and also this increase the decision making process of consumers. Hence, this strategy improves and encourages purchase behaviour among consumers.Provide strategic differentiation in term of service and product to the consumers. Tesco Thailand brings all the products into the store. Besides, the center can be an entertainment center for child ren, shopping gallery for housemarried woman. A business center for businessman and also the family collect center also.In term of entertainment center for children, they have playground and game center for the children to have jubilate and fun there. Children would love to visit the place because they are place for them to do some activities. In term of housewives, they can buy groceries, fresh vegetables, meat and others to gratify the needs of the family. The housewives do not need to travel to grocery to buy a broom and travel to wet market to buy a tilt and even to dry market to buy onion. Now, Tesco Thailand gathers all the products according to the household needs. Not only there, bank services are available to help businessman to do their work while their wife are shopping. Besides, these facilities encourage shoppers to buy more because they can withdraw money anytime when they shop.3. How does Tesco differentiate its brand from the competitors and build brand-loyalty among the consumers in Thailand?After analyzing the case study of Tesco, I have generally identified the brand strength of Tesco Thailand areCustomer Relationship managementCommitment to qualityGlobal-local variantBreadth of product assistance offeringTarget market strategy.Customer Relationship ManagementCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) is a business strategy that aims to understand, anticipate and manage the needs of an organisations current and potential customers (Reinartz, Krafft, Hoyer, 2004). It is a comprehensive approach which provides seamless integration of every area of business that touches the customer- to wit marketing, sales, customer services and field support through the integration of people, process and technology It is a shift from traditional marketing as it focuses on the retentivity of customers in addition to the acquisition of new customers. The expression Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is becoming standard terminology, replacing what is wi dely perceived to be a misleadingly narrow term, relationship marketing (RM)Tesco Thailand focuses on customer relationship management. They believe that customer satisfaction is the first antecedency to be set by the organization. Tesco Thailand builds the customer relationship with the consumers. According to research, a lot of consumer purchases a product not because they need the products but it is due to the emotional needs. (Morris, 1998).In relationship management, Tesco wants their clients to reach out highest customer satisfaction. They differentiate themselves by providing the return product policy when they do not feel satisfy with the products. Generally, when a customer satisfies with the products or services, they would tend to purchase or revisit the store again. Besides, Tesco Thailand understands that it is cheaper to retain the current customers rather than making promotion and advertisements to recruit new customers. Tesco Thailand always put clients as the top priority in all purchasing process. With this policy, the customers would feel more secure to purchase and shop in the shop.Besides, Tesco provides membership for the customers. The clients can accumulate points when shopping in Tesco Thailand. The points can be used to redeem vouchers or products from Tesco. Besides, the members would receive updates of promotion from time to time. These strategies promote the relationship with the customers and this lead to the customer loyalty and brand identity among customers.Not only membership, Tesco Thailand provides exclusive discount for members. Members day are conducted yearly only for members. During the members day, members are given opportunity to shop with higher discount. Each member can only bring a friend to shop on the day. This strategy improves customer relationship and made the Tesco membership to be more exclusive. (Shaffer, 1991).Commitment to characterProduct quality is customers overall evaluation of the excellence of th e performance of the good or service. Kellers (1993) 7 basic dimensions of qualityPerformanceEmployee InteractionsReliabilityDurability patness and convenienceAestheticsBrand EquityTesco Thailand cares of the product quality. They understand price is a factor of decision making but the quality of products is the key element that sustain the customers to stay and can be converted as the customer loyalty in the future. Besides, there is a strong relationship between quality products and customer satisfaction. High customer satisfaction promotes customer loyalty in a long run.As the implementation strategy, Tesco Thailand always maintains the product quality by doing stock check to keep track on the freshness of the products. Besides, Tesco has a computerized system to evaluate the expired date for the products. This strategy maintains the quality of the products.Global-local AdaptationGlobal-local adaptation is used by the Tesco Thailand to win the market. Manager from Tesco Britain c an be familiar with retail business but localization is important based on the culture and taboo. Products that are sold in large quantity in Britain might not be able to win the heart of the local community. As the result, Tesco Thailand takes possible action to set up a production unit (local company Surin Limited Partnership) that has no negative association with quality, premium products. With this strategy, Tesco Thailand actually undergoes internationalization and localization to achieve the support from the local community.Some products sold in Tesco Thailand are only being found in Thailand but you would neer find it in the Tesco internationally. These products are specially design for the local community. Salty fish is the best example, Thailand community likes the product and they want to buy it from Tesco Thailand. However, the product might not be judge by Britain community. The integration of local culture is taken care when providing service to the local community. Not only that, Tesco Thailand employs only local staffs. The managers and CEO are local community. With local management team, they would able to plan effectively. For example, for advertisement and promotion program, the local marketing manager would be able to know the culture in Thailand. The preference of the consumers is identified. The words choice, colours and models used in the advertisement can be localized to increase the acceptance of the local community. Hence, Global-local adaptation in term of staffs is an essential factor to be taken care off.Breadth of productDepth of product line can be defined as the variety of products that are carried by any retails shows such as cloths, electrical products, food, furniture and others. . The breadth of the product is important to ensure Tesco Thailand success in differentiating themselves and to create customer loyalty.As review in the case study, Tesco Thailand can be an entertainment center for children, shopping gallery for ho usewife. A business center for businessman and also the family gathering center also. In term of entertainment center for children, they have playground and game center for the children to have joy and fun there. Children would love to visit the place because they are place for them to do some activities. In term of housewives, they can buy groceries, fresh vegetables, meat and others to fulfill the needs of the family. The housewives do not need to travel to grocery to buy a broom and travel to wet market to buy a fish and even to dry market to buy onion. Now, Tesco Thailand gathers all the products according to the household needs. Not only there, bank services are available to help businessman to do their work while their wife are shopping. Besides, these facilities encourage shoppers to buy more because they can withdraw money anytime when they shop.With the breath of products, customers satisfaction level increases and this builds the customer loyalty in the long run.Service of feringTesco Thailand has undergone market and product development strategies to provide a better service to the consumer. Tesco has used the Internet to extend its market into new product markets, such as financial services, white goods and DVD rentals. While these are promoted through the store, the web provides a wider choice of products, more detailed information about products and a method of purchase. The internet can also support entry into new geographical markets.New revenue sources are available through extending the product range online as explained above, and also with new digital revenue streams such as those for music downloads and e-Diets. Tesco also supports advertising on its site of related product such as financial services.Differentiation through Target market strategy.Tesco.com has a broad market of customer types, so it is less relevant for them to use online to selectively target these with communications. However, the article explains how Tesco has used the we b and e-mail to target more closely through targeting different lifecycle groups these are customers who are grouped according to their level of adoption of online service. Tesco also uses the web to target specific requirements such as Diets and Financial Services through search engine marketing.Not only this, Tesco offers some unique online promotions and lower online prices for select products such as financial services which could attract a percentage discount when purchased online. It appears not to use the service elements of the desegregate for positioning beyond the slogan You Shop, We Drop. But attention has been paid to improving the customer experience through usability activities and reduction of download times.ConclusionStrong brands never happen by accident. Yet only 53% of firms say they have a long term brand strategy in place. A brand strategy is simply a plan for developing a coherent brand. It provides the means for systematically creating differentiation and co nsumer appeal by empowering better brand decisions across the organization. An effective brand strategy influences the total operation of a business to ensure consistent brand experiences for the customer.Tesco Thailand has become a successful story of branding that can be learnt by everyone. Differentiation and innovation are important to sustain the success of the brand. Reaching the heart by creating memory and customer loyalty is the final destination for all branding exercise.

Controlling Illegal Street Racing :: essays research papers

The automobile was invented around 1890, ever since then peck have been trying to push the limits of the automobile. With the need to push the limits of automobiles competition was created, and spawned bucket along. Racing comes in many forms, from circle track travel to drag racings. Many of these racing events are held in controlled areas and are authorise by governing bodies with rules and regulations to make the sport condom. The downside to this notion of competition has created amateurs who try to duplicate racing in uncontrolled environments causing death and carnage. This brings us to the nous of street racing, it is a derivative of drag racing, but as the name implies it is done on the street. Since street racing takes place on public roads it is hard to control every variable that may occur resulting in crashes that involve innocent bystanders. There are ways however, to combat street racing and to help amateurs participate in drag racing in controlled and safe envir onments instead of public roads. Out of these many ways to combat street racing are two ways to help stop this problem. One of these ways is the sectioning of new drag strips, and racing events that are taken off the road and into areas that notify become controlled environments. The other way is to implement stricter enforcement and more severe punishments for those caught street racing. Street racing can be controlled if done correctly.Opening racetracks and getting animate tracks to stay open longer and later for the people that normally race illegally is a step in the right direction. By opening tracks in and around large cities you make it easier for people who might other wise partake in street racing and endanger the lives of others. Often times in large metropolitan areas you would have to travel one, two, three, maybe even four hours away to find a legal drag strip. This makes it less convenient to people that are interested in racing and ultimately leads them to just rac e where and whenever they can in the local area. Another way is for organizations to help sponsor these types of events. They do not have to build a racetrack on every corner, but it is the idea, that you can make a large parking lot or old airport runway a legal and safe place for people to race. Some programs have had great success with this, for instance Race judicial holds events in southern California to help get the young kids that participate in dangerous street racing off of the streets and give them a safe and legal place to race.

Pro-Death Pentally Essay example -- Capital Punishment

Pro-Death Penalty There are many studies which show the expiration penalty as a non- hindrance to the serious crime problem that is faced in the United States. The death penalty continues to be the most controversial conviction with over half the states re-instituting capital punishment laws since the Furman v Georgia decision in 1972. Nevertheless, even if the death penalty were no greater a deterrent than a life sentence, some people would still advocate is the only way to get rid permanently society of dangerous criminals who deserve to die. existence that the death penalty is conside reddened a deterrent to criminal activity does it make the execution morally right or just brutal? The death penalty is the highest capital punishment, which serves as a strong deterrent for serious crimes. While capital punishment could probably not deter mentally unstable criminals, it could countenance an effect on the cold, calculating murderer, such as a hired killer or someone who kil ls for profit. With the capital death punishment sending red flags to potential criminals, the fear of death might convince felons not to risk using handguns during armed robberies. The deterrent effect of an execution can produce a substantial decline in the murder rate. Although, some believe that a death sentence is a deterrent, others believe that it is cruel, and unusual punishment. There is not exuberant evidence to prove that the treat of a death sentence can convince potential murderers to forgo their criminal activity. Most murders involve people who knew apiece other, very often friends, and family members. Since murderers are often under the influence of alcohol or drugs or suffering severe psychological turmoil, no penalty get out likely be a deterrent. Som... ...ource=bl&ots=nf5duzwmfa&sig=IhQeXxqd8ChN_rlsZ5Lt3kDu1LY&hl=en&ei=yaOaTbDmO4vVgAfgzOGgBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&reRichard C. Dieter, E. E. (1998, 06). Retrieved April 03, 2011, from The Deat h Penalty in Black and White Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides http//www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/death-penalty-black-and-white-who-lives-who-dies-who-decidesSiegel, L. J. (2009). Retrieved April 2011, 2011, from Essentials of flagitious Justice http//books.google.com/books?id=22eNtpc6On0C&pg=PA355&lpg=PA355&dq=.+Racism+was+particularly+blatant+when+the+death+penalty+was+invoked+in+rape+cases+90%25+of+those+receiving+death+for+rape+in+the+South+and+63%25+of+those+in+the+North,+and+West+was+blackSTEWART, P. S. (1976 , March 31). Retrieved April 2, 2011, from Proffitt v. Florida (No. 75-5706) http//www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0428_0242_ZO.html

Itchoua Essay -- English Literature Essays

ItchouaIn the story of The Three Skeleton Key written by George G. Toudouze it shows many blunt experiences happening to the characters. Itchoua is a abide, strong Basque who visited an island just off the coast of Guiana for a couple of months. During his visit on the island, Itchoua and his friends faced many dangers and took life threatening risks. He shows many character traits of brain truth through his physical description, personality and his actions toward many things. During his act of bravery, he went through many obstacles and hardships while battling the rats. He is a very heroic battler because of what he thinks, says and does in the story of Three Skeleton Key. All the risks Itchoua took while going through danger shows hes brave by his personality, physical description and his actions. Firstly, Itchoua is a brave veteran who overcame many terrifying experiences while fighting with many vicious rats. Throughout the story, Itchoua proved that he was brave by putting hi s life at risk for the safety of his friends, persevered even though he was unconsicous and that he has characteristics of a leader. When the chief cried, Itchoua ran immediately not thinking at all and went to help his friend at risk. He sacrificed his life to help his friends from the dangerous rats. He cared for his friends and never only thought more or less himself. He did what ever he could for the safety of his friends. He used all his strength by trying to kill as many rats as affirmable an...