The Penalty of Death by H.L. Mencken

The Penalty of Death by H.L. Mencken As appeared in H.L. Mencken on the Writing Life, Mencken was a compelling humorist just as a supervisor, scholarly pundit, and long-term columnist with The Baltimore Sun. As you read his contentions for capital punishment, think about how (and why) Mencken infuses humor into his conversation of a bleak subject. His mocking utilization of the convincing paper position utilizes incongruity and mockery to help come to his meaningful conclusion. It is comparable in mode to Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal. Satirical expositions like Menckens and Swifts permit the creators to make genuine focuses in diverting, engaging ways. Educators can utilize these expositions to assist understudies with getting parody and enticing essays.â â ​ The Penalty of Death by H.L. Mencken Of the contentions against the death penalty that issue from uplifters, two are ordinarily heard frequently, indeed: That hanging a man (or fricasseeing him or gassing him) is a frightful business, corrupting to the individuals who need to do it and revolting to the individuals who need to witness it.That it is pointless, for it doesn't stop others from a similar wrongdoing. The first of these contentions, it appears to me, is obviously too frail to even consider needing genuine invalidation. All it says, in a word, is that crafted by the executioner is upsetting. Conceded. Be that as it may, assume it is? It might be very important to society for all that. There are, surely, numerous different occupations that are upsetting, but then nobody considers abrogating them-that of the handyman, that of the warrior, that of the trash collector, that of the cleric hearing admissions, that of the sand-hoard, etc. Besides, what proof is there that any real executioner grumbles of his work? I have heard none. Despite what might be expected, I have realized numerous who savored the experience of their old craftsmanship, and rehearsed it gladly. In the second contention of the abolitionists there is somewhat more power, however even here, I accept, the ground under them is precarious. Their key blunder comprises in expecting that the entire point of rebuffing lawbreakers is to hinder other (potential) criminalsthat we hang or shock An essentially so as to so alert B that he won't slaughter C. This, I accept, is a supposition which mistakes a section for the entirety. Discouragement, clearly, is one of the points of discipline, however it is most likely not alone. Despite what might be expected, there are at any rate about six, and some are most likely very as significant. At any rate one of them, for all intents and purposes considered, is increasingly significant. Usually, it is depicted as retribution, however vengeance is truly not the word for it. I obtain a superior term from the late Aristotle: katharsis. Katharsis, so utilized, implies a salubrious release of feelings, a sound releasing of pressure. A school-kid, disd aining his educator, stores a tack upon the instructive seat; the instructor bounces and the kid snickers. This is katharsis. What I fight is that one of the prime objects of every single legal discipline is to bear the cost of the equivalent thankful alleviation (a) to the quick survivors of the criminal rebuffed, and (b) to the general collection of good and faint men. These people, and especially the main gathering, are concerned just in a roundabout way with hindering different crooks. The thing they pine for fundamentally is the fulfillment of seeing the criminal very them endure as he caused them to endure. What they need is the genuine feelings of serenity that goes with the inclination that records are squared. Until they understand that fulfillment they are in a condition of enthusiastic pressure, and thus miserable. The moment they get it they are agreeable. I don't contend that this longing is honorable; I basically contend that it is practically widespread among people. Notwithstanding wounds that are immaterial and can be borne without harm it might respect higher motivations; in other words, it might respect what is called Christian cause. However, when the injury is not kidding Christianity is dismissed, and even holy people go after their sidearms. It is obviously soliciting a lot from human instinct to anticipate that it should vanqu ish so normal a motivation. A keeps a store and has an accountant, B. B takes $700, utilizes it in playing at bones or bingo, and is wiped out. What is A to do? Release B? On the off chance that he does so he will be not able to rest around evening time. The feeling of injury, of shamefulness, of disappointment, will frequent him like pruritus. So he surrenders B to the police, and they hustle B to jail. From that point A can rest. More, he has charming dreams. He pictures B tied to the mass of a cell a hundred feet underground, ate up by rodents and scorpions. It is pleasant to the point that it causes him to overlook his $700. He has got his katharsis. Something very similar unequivocally happens for a bigger scope when there is a wrongdoing which wrecks an entire community’s conviction that all is good. Each reputable resident feels menaced and baffled until the crooks have been struck downuntil the mutual ability to settle the score with them, and more than even has been drastically illustrated. Here, obviously, the matter of stopping others is close to an untimely idea. The primary concern is to crush the solid miscreants whose demonstration has frightened everybody and hence made everybody despondent. Until they are brought to book that despondency proceeds; when the law has been executed upon them there is a moan of help. At the end of the day, there is katharsis. I am aware of no open interest for capital punishment for normal wrongdoings, in any event, for conventional manslaughters. Its punishment would stun all men of ordinary tolerability of feeling. Be that as it may, for wrongdoings including the intentional and unpardonable taking of human life, by men straightforwardly disobedient of all cultivated orderfor such violations it appears, to nine men out of ten, an equitable and legitimate discipline. Any lesser punishment leaves them feeling that the criminal has the better of societythat he is allowed to compound an already painful situation by snickering. That feeling can be scattered distinctly by a plan of action to katharsis, the development of the aforementioned Aristotle. It is all the more successfully and monetarily accomplished, as human instinct presently may be, by drifting the criminal to domains of rapture. The genuine issue with the death penalty doesn’t lie against the real annihilation of the denounced, yet against our ruthless American propensity for putting it off so long. All things considered, all of us must bite the dust soon or late, and a killer, it must be expected, is one who makes that pitiful certainty the foundation of his metaphysic. In any case, it is one thing to bite the dust, and very something else to lie for long months and even a long time under the shadow of death. No normal man would pick such a completion. We all, in spite of the Prayer Book, long for a quick and surprising end. Miserably, a killer, under the silly American framework, is tormented for what, to him, must appear to be an entire arrangement of endless time periods. For a considerable length of time, he sits in jail while his legal counselors carry on their harebrained nonsense with writs, orders, mandamuses, and advances. So as to get his cash (or that of his companions) they need to take c are of him with trust. From time to time, by the idiocy of an adjudicator or some stunt of juridic science, they really legitimize it. Be that as it may, let us state that, his cash all gone, they at long last surrender. Their customer is presently prepared for the rope or the seat. Yet, he should even now hang tight for quite a long time before it brings him. That pause, I accept, is appallingly remorseless. I have seen more than one man sitting in the passing house, and I don’t need to perceive any more. More awful, it is completely futile. For what reason would it be advisable for him to hold up by any stretch of the imagination? Why not hang him the day after the last court disperses his last expectation? Why torment him as not even barbarians would torment their casualties? The basic answer is that he should have the opportunity to come to terms with God. Yet, to what extent does that take? It might be practiced, I accept, in two hours very as serenely as in two years. There are, in fact, no worldly restrictions upon God. He could pardon an entire group of killers in a millionth of a second. More, it has been finished. Source This form of The Penalty of Death initially showed up in Menckens Prejudices: Fifth Series (1926).

Writing a Reflective Essay for English Class

Writing a Reflective Essay for English ClassOne of the hardest parts of writing a reflection essay for English class is knowing what to write about. You can use your reflections to inform the teacher as well as yourself. So, if you are struggling with what to write about, then make this article an informative guide on how to go about doing this in a positive way.First, you need to understand that most of us have average word count. We often go through three to four sentences a day, and it feels like we're rambling! Take a few minutes and break up your essays and get down to writing. This will help you stay on track, which will help you write a better essay.Now, if you want to get your reader's attention, then you want to think about putting their name in the essay itself. Think about how many people you know, and who in that group could write like you. It makes sense. If you are able to identify your class representative, then that person probably has very few things to complain abou t in their English class.Now, you may want to do a general topic. Then all you would have to do is choose an individual to represent them. Don't worry about plagiarism here - the teacher will catch you eventually. Remember, it is your student's, not your school, that will determine if they think your essay is good or not.Before you get into a general subject though, consider what the topic should be about. Even if you use quotations, it is important to write a concrete example. This is your best way to give your reader a concrete reason for writing about their own story. You can relate it to something they might have been through, or maybe even live through, at some point in their life.Examples, whether quotes or written, always reflect their lives in meaningful ways. It is important to give a concrete example to create a concrete connection. The more specifics the better - don't get sidetracked with questions like, 'is there a correct answer?'Remember, a true sign of a well written essay is one that you want others to read. So, if you are aiming for publication, you will want to write a high quality reflection. It doesn't have to be perfect, but you want to create the feeling that you cared enough to share your thoughts with a few people.You'll find that a reflection essay for English class can be tricky. And that is just fine! Give yourself time to think, and if you are struggling with anything else, then take a break and pick it back up.

Sociological Imagination Case Study - 728 Words

The sociologist C. Wright Mills has observed that people often believe their private lives can be explained only with respect to their own personal successes and failures. The process of interpreting ones life in the context of ones community or the society in which one lives is called sociological imagination. It is an important process because it lets the individual understand the impact one makes, no matter how small, on the lives of others. A good example of the process can be demonstrated by exploring the effects of one persons unemployment. The case of Jane is hypothetical, but there are many people in circumstances similar to Janes as the American economy still struggles to recover from the mortgage crisis and resulting recession that began in 2008. Jane worked in the same school, Fairlawn Elementary School, for seven years as a second grade teacher. Jane was tenured but because there is so little mobility in the small town where she lives and worked, the teachers at Fairlawn generally stay, once hired, until their retirement. Thus, Jane was the newest member of the professional staff and the first to lose her job when cuts had to be made. Jane is married and has two young children, ages four and two. Janes husband is in the construction and remodeling business, which can be lucrative when he is working, but jobs are not always steady. The family relied on Janes regular pay check. They also relied on her benefits; the school district offered a goodShow MoreRelatedSociological Imagination1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of â€Å"sociological imagination† is one that can be explained many different ways. A simple way to think of the sociological imagination is to see it as a way a person thinks, where they know that what they do from day to day in their private lives (like the choices they make), are sometimes influenced by the larger environment in which they live (Mills 1959, 1). What C.W. Mills meant by this concept is that it is the ability to â€Å"understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaningRead MoreSociology Imagination833 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined sociological imagination as th e vivid awareness of the relationship between experience and the wider society. The sociological imagination is the capacity to shift from one perspective to another: from the political to the psychological; from examination of a single family to comparative assessment of the national budgets of the world; from the theological school to the military establishment; from considerations of an oil industry to studies of contemporary poetry.[1] Sociological Imagination:Read MoreThe Sociological Imagination and Freedom from Feelings of Entrapment1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe sociological imagination is the â€Å"quality of mind† (Mills, 1959: 4) that enables individuals to look outside their private sphere of consciousness and identify the structures and institutions in society that influence or cause their personal experiences. In this way, by looking at the bigger picture, they can understand their place in society and explain their circumstance in terms of societal influence. It was developed by Mills in a time of great social upheaval – industrialisation, globalisationRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills857 Words   |  4 PagesThe sociological imagination is simply the act of having the capacity to think ourselves away from the commonplace schedules of our day by day lives keeping in mind the end goal to take a gander at them with a new perspective. C. Wright Mills, who made the idea and composed a book about it, characterized the sociological creative ability as the clear attention to the connection amongst encounter and the more extensive society. The sociological imagination is the capacity to see things sociallyRead MoreSociological Imagination: Generalized Anxiety Disorder1536 Words   |  7 Pagesbe discussing the generalized anxiety disorder and how if effects society today. The sociological Imagination allows a person to look at a social problem past the particular circumstances of a certain person and look at how it affects people as a whole. Using this theory sociologist have been taught to ignore individuals and look at society as a whole. Social forces are a big part of the sociological imagination. Social forces are anything that affects society. So, a social forces could be anythingRead MoreSociology and Sociological Imagination978 Words   |  4 PagesSociology and Sociological imagination Sociology is the scientific study of human behavior in a social context that looks the values, attitudes and composition of a given society. Sociology looks at the religious believes, economic aspects, daily activities and political arrangements interact to build a society (Dillon, 2009). The examination of people considering the social forces shaping their attitude and behavior is what C. Wright Mills referred to as sociological imagination (Dillon, 2009)Read MoreThe Sociological Imagination and Understanding Personal Troubles as Social Issues1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sociological Imagination and understanding personal troubles as social issues: The Sociological Imagination allows us to question â€Å"things† or issues which are common and familiar to us and to find its deeper meaning. With the Sociological Imagination way of thinking, we find reasoning and uncover why many things in society are the way they are. The Sociological Imagination does not attempt to understand the individual and his or her problems alone, but focuses on issues and problems as itRead MoreSociology, Race, And Social Classes1154 Words   |  5 PagesSociology is the study of diverse subjects in a society which includes: religion, race culture, and social classes. It also involves the study of the behavior of people and all the changes that happen in society. In each social setting, there are shared beliefs which also change through time. Sociology informs us of the making of policies which tend to improve the lives of people in a setting. It provides distinct perspectives to generate new ideas and modify the old ones. The sociological resear ch usesRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination And Common Sense1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sociological Imagination was a term that was first coined by sociologist C. Wright Mills. It could be said that definition of The Sociological Imagination is having the ability to look beyond personal experience and realise that society is shaped by the cross over between biography and history. Mills thought that everyone in society had the capability to think sociologically and that this was essential to gain a deeper understanding of both their society, and their current circumstance. ThisRead MoreMani Kallupurackal. Midterm Sociology Essay. When I Was1117 Words   |  5 Pagesand child in the United States was vastly different to the expectations placed by society in India. Sociological imagination and sociological mindfulness enabled me to understand how my personal private issues were shaped by larger social forces and allowed me to pay attention to the struggles of others. Sociological imagination is term that was first coined by C.W. Mills. Sociological imagination is the ability to understand the intersection between biography and history or the interplay between

The Catcher in the Rye Holdens Adolescent Mentality

Holden Caulfield plays a timeless character in the sense that his way of life is common for the American teenager, in his time as well as now. Today parents dread the terrible and confusing adolescent years of their childs life. In J.D. Salingers book, The Catcher in the Rye, Holden is in this terrible and confusing point of his life. At this point in his life, as well as in modern teenagers lives, a transition occurs, from child to adult. Holden takes this change particularly rough and develops a typical mentality that prevents him from allowing himself to see or understand his purpose in life. Holden has an apparent dislike for society. He insists that [he] is surrounded by phonies (Salinger 13) and left Elkton Hills because of it.†¦show more content†¦This symbolizes him holding on to his past, not wanting things to change. As Holden meets with all of his old friends, he claims many of them to have become phonies. All of his friends have grown up, and Holden is left behin d, and still acts like a child. [Holdens] central dilemma is that he wants to retain a childs innocence (Bloom 22). As everyone around changes he just wants to stay the same, young and sheltered. Holdens hunting hat also shows symbolism of different moods and feelings he may be experiencing. First, the fact that it was a hunting hat symbolizes that he is searching for himself. And second, there is a pattern as to the way he wears he hat. When he is in a lost and depressed mood he would turn peak around to the back (Salinger 45), when he was in a good mood he would pull the peakÂ…around to the front (Salinger 34). There is no specific sequence in these changes, his hat turns with his mood. It is as if the hat is directing him and comforting him in his quest to find himself. Jane Gallagher remains a constant though out the entire novel. She represents the way of life he once followed, and the track he should be on but doesnt get back to. He never calls her because he claims he isn t in the mood (Salinger 33). This emphasizes that Holden is trying to avoid finding his purpose, his track, because the truth, like theShow MoreRelatedThe Themes of The Catcher in the Rye840 Words   |  3 Pagesnovels of the 20th century, The Catcher in the Rye has affected readers around the globe since its publication in 1951. Its contemporary critics, however, gave the novel mixed reviews. Compared to the ideals of 1950s America, Holden Caulfield, the emotionally immature, extremely judgmental, teen-aged main character of â€Å"Catcher,† embodies the antithesis. Holden was an affront to the new social order, which demanded conformity and propagated the â€Å"father knows best† mentality. Americans, however, despiteRead MoreAnalysis of A Catcher In the Ryes Holden Caulfield: Enemy of Himself1686 Words   |  7 PagesJerome David Salinger’s only novel, The Catcher in the Rye, is based on the life events shaping main character, Holden Caulfield, into the tr oubled teen that is telling the story in 1950. The theme of the story is one of emotional disconnection felt by the alienated teenagers of this time period. The quote, â€Å" I didn’t know anyone there that was splendid and clear thinking and all† (Salinger 4) sets the tone that Holden cannot find a connection with anyone around him and that he is on a lonely endeavorRead MoreAnalysis Of George Moore s The Catcher Rye 1695 Words   |  7 PagesGeorge Moore For most people, the death of a relative causes a period of despair that can last a lifetime. In J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher In the Rye, an adolescent s tightly knit relationship with a family member results in a long-lasting impression on his life; Holden, a young, psychologically lost youth struggles in life after the recent death of his brother, Allie. While he was alive, Allie maintained a positive outlook, assisting Holden in retaining not only his innocence but his happinessRead MoreComparison of the Protagonists in Juno and Catcher in the Rye691 Words   |  3 Pagesprotagonists Juno and Holden of movie Juno and the book Catcher in the Rye, have main thing in common, they have not yet accepted the fact they play a role in society, communicating with the people around them, and with their families. Where they differ is in the problems they face. Junos main problem is that she becomes pregnant at a young age which is considered to be a life changing event by societal sta ndards. The main source of Holden’s problems comes from result of the death of his little brotherRead MoreComparative Study of Death of a Salesman and The Catcher in the Rye1981 Words   |  8 Pagesthere was little concern for the welfare of the minority and no apprehension that ones success could lead to the downfall of another. ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ by J.D Salinger and ‘Death of a Salesman’ by Arthur Miller are both texts that were written throughout this time of social, cultural, spiritual and economic metamorphosis. ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ through the portrayal of Holden Caulfield, explores an individual’s tumultuous tale throughout city living and teenage years of post WW2 America

The Bible And The New Testament - 1507 Words

The Bible – from Genesis to Revelation The Bible is one book that has one grand author. It was written by humans over a period of approximately 2000 years. It is comprised of 66 different books, all with one main theme, that everlasting life comes through one’s faith in God and by obeying God’s rules. This theme is the central part of all 66 books, from Genesis to Revelation. (Sostre 2015) The Bible is divided into two main sections; the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament begins with Genesis and the New Testament ends with Revelation. In order to understand the Bible, it is important to translate it into something that is easy to comprehend and understand. Because there are so many stories and different versions that are associated with the Bible, it is best to take it piece-by-piece and apply the teachings to your own life. To give a brief overview, it is important to understand the difference between the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is the first of two major pieces of the Christian Bible. In the Old Testament, one will find the sacred writings from the Jews. (Sostre 2015)The first story of Genesis begins with God creating the heavens and earth, creatures of the earth, and man. He began with creating Adam. He did this by forming man from the dust of the earth. God did not want Adam to be alone, so he gave Adam a companion (a woman) who was formed from the rib of Adam. The woman was named Eve. God gave Adam and Eve a beautifulShow MoreRelatedThe Bible : The Testament And The New Testament 1425 Words   |  6 Pages The Bible is a collection of stories and teachings made up of two parts, the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the Pentateuch or the first five books of the Bible. The Pentateuch and Old Testament follow the days of creation, the stories of Moses, and all that happened before Jesus was born. The New Testament follows the life, teachings, and death of Jesus. Before the Bible was written around 3000 years ago, it was told through narratives, poetry, and songs. Much like fairytales, whichRead MoreThe New Testament Of The Bible985 Words   |  4 PagesThe Bible is the (Basic Instructions Before Leaving Earth) to all who believes and followers of Christ Jesus. The Bible is consisted of sixty-six books written by nearly forty authors. In the Old Testament there are thirty-nine books and twenty-seven in the New Testament. The New Testament is the second half of God’s truth and instructions for the believers. The canonization process for th e New Testament is easier to trace, even though some questions cannot be fully answered. The Pauline EpistlesRead MoreGood News Bible : The Testament And The New Testament1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe term â€Å"Bible† is an interesting one as it potentially encompasses many different entities. There are thousands of versions of the Bible, many arranged and presented in a variety of ways. They vary physically in content, and as I recently discovered aren t necessarily Christian. Below I delve into a rather interesting version of the book published in 1976 by HarperCollins (in conjunction with the American Bible Society). Good News Bible is a compilation of the Old Testament and the New TestamentRead MoreThe Bible : The Old And New Testaments2631 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction When it comes to themes that span the whole Bible, there are none nearly as prominent as covenant. Apart from anything else, its importance is seen in the designation we give to the two parts of the Christian Bible – the Old and New testaments, or covenants. The word itself occurs over 300 times in English translations of the Bible. Beyond the use of words, the biblical story itself can be seen as a series of covenants that God makes and renews with his people, binding him and themRead MoreNew Testament Bible Dictionary Project775 Words   |  3 PagesBOOK: Revelation This is the final book of The Bible known as Revelations and John the apostle (Author) writes descriptive symbolic language by explaining what he heard and saw (Hindson Towns, 2013). Written in AD 95 this book covers 3 literary genres: epistolary (letters), apocalyptic and prophetic. John mostly used apocalyptic writings encompassing the wide use of symbolism, visions and extreme events. Mostly referred to as â€Å"The Apocalypse†, meaning, â€Å"the unveiling† is identified by the predictionRead MoreThe King James Bible : Old And New Testament1637 Words   |  7 Pages The King James Bible (Old and New Testament) 13) The Creation of the World; the Garden of Eden; Adam and Eve; Original Sin; the Fall The beginning of the Old Testament starts by explaining how God created everything within seven days. He creates night and day, the sky and the ocean, vegetation, the stars, sun and moon, sea creatures, land creatures, and for the seventh day he rests. The Garden of Eden was the paradise where man once lived until Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit thus creatingRead MoreThe Book I Chose From The New Testament Is Men Of The Bible Essay780 Words   |  4 Pagesthought he was persecution the ungodly who came to realize that he was persecuting the wrong people. He was blinded and his sight was restored when he began obedient to the God of all creation. The title of the book I chose from the New Testament is Men of the Bible, the authorship Ann Spangler and Robert Wolgemuth are the authors. 2002 is the date of the books’ copywrite and it was published by Zondervan in Grand Rapids, Michigan. This book offers a one year devotional study for all those who wishRead MoreSymbolism Between C.S. Lewis ´ The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe and The New Testament in the Bible1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe symbolism between C.S. Lewis’ The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, the fourth book in The Chronicles of Narnia, and the New Testament in the Bible, particularly the account of Jesus’ death is not merely coincidental because The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe is, in fact, an allegory. An allegory is a story with morals in which characters, plots and settings are used as symbols. The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, by C.S. Lewis is rich with Christian symbolism even though the allegoricalRead MoreHistory of the Bible Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesCanonization of the Bible The process by which the English Bible, as it is known to the English culture today, was compiled is an extraordinary thing to see. The Bible consists of two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The process by which both Testaments were written and then canonized into one book transpired over a period of many years. Once the canonization of the Bible officially came to an end, it was translated into English. Since then, many versions of the modern Bible have been madeRead MoreJewish And Christian Sacred Text1001 Words   |  5 Pagestheir opinions on sacred text. Jewish people and Christians both have sacred text; however, Christians believe that the Bible is meant to be read as a text as a whole. Christians have the Holy Bible and Jews have what is known as the Tanakh. In relation to the Christian Bible, the Tanakh is only the Old Testament, while the Holy Bible is both the Old Testament and the New Testament. This means that stories like Creation, Original Sin, and Ten Commandments are the same for both religions. While the

Corporate Downsizing Essay Paper Example For Students

Corporate Downsizing Essay Paper Organizations in every segment of business, industry, government, and education are downsizing. Downsizing is and has been a controversial phenomenon in the last few years. The controversy that surrounds downsizing may be better described as a debate in organizational theory about whether change is adaptive or disruptive. The issues which establish the outcome of the controversy include why the downsizing is taking affect, how it is implemented, and what steps are taken to enhance its effects on organizational performance. The reasons for corporate downsizing are presented in many forms. Some companies downsize due to technological changes such as automation, which brings about the need for a reduction in the production workforce. Others may feel that competitiveness with other companies warrants the need for a reduction in the workforce. Financial setbacks due to customer demand, market shares, and loss of revenue could also initiate the need for downsizing. When will it end? Expert s say it wont. For instance, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was established as a universal trade agreement between the US, Cannada, and Mexico to allow free imports and exports.It was also established with the intent to help poor countries, like Mexico, export their products for economic reasons. In my opinion, it has strongly contributed to Americas massive downsizing phenomenon. Companies that have experienced financial setbacks and losses seem to relish the idea that they can downsize the workforce here in the states, move operations into places like Mexico, hire cheap labor, and export their product back to the states, while making bigger profits. The sad part about this is that it is true, and NAFTA is largely responsible for this type of downsizing. Is this ethical? That remains to be seen. The truth is that unless an organization was designed expressly for the purpose, it is not in business to provide employment. Jobs are the by-product of successful organizational endeavors, not If the decision to downsize is a response to competitive pressures, it will appear impatient or premature to those who must leave. If it is perceived as anything less than a well developed strategic response to demands on the organization, then it fails to show employees need for the criteria. Downsizing can sometimes seem to be about creating victims and displacing blame rather than accepting responsibility and choosing moral and ethical ways to implement the outcome. Management wants a quick cut that protects he companys assets, yet it wants to be gentle and compassionate to those who are let go. These two objectives are self-canceling, and to accomplish the first requires considerable compromise on the second. Many companies wait until the day of the lay-off to inform its employees. They are concerned about sabotage and productivity. They seem to think that if they retain the bad news until the last moment that the employees will leave and the rest will get back to business. However, this method of a lay-off is the least favorable for the employees. If the company gives the employees notice of the cutback in the workforce, they will have time to plan for the financial problems, look for other work, and make other necessary arrangements to prepare them for the loss. It would be in the best interest of the company to give this notice to its workers. Being a survivor of downsizing can have its own ethical issues. Those who are left after the downsizing has occurred, may share perceptions about the ethics of the decisions leading up to the dismissal of those who left. They may experience feelings such as anger, guilt, fear, and even depression. These feelings could be brought on by having to take up the slack and doing more work. They could also be asked to learn new tasks and for the same or maybe even less money than before the downsizing. Asking people to do more for less money can seem unfair. In my opinion, companies and organizations sometimes put too much pressure on surviving employees. This can cause the decision-makers to seem insensitive to the reality that employees are people with full lives and responsibility outside the workplace. Call it outsourcing with a heart. DuPont on December 11, tentatively agreed to outsource its computer and telecommunications operations, but it will do so without cutting jobs. Instead, some 3,100 DuPont staffers will be given the chance to switch employers with 2,600 spots slated for Computer Sciences Corp. and 500 for Andersen Consulting. An additional 1,100 information technology staffers are expected to stay with DuPont. The outsourcing pact is one of the biggest ever. It will be worth more than $4 billion over 10 years, with CSC taking the lions share. CSC will handle DuPonts global mainframe, mid-range, and PC hardware needs, and worldwide telecom network, while Andersen takes care of software applications. The parties have signed a letter of intent and are now hammering out the final terms.The flip-side to downsizing could be a more positive result or experience. When companies have their employees economic survival at heart when planning their downsizing tactics, an adaptive approach as well as a positive outcome can be expected. Most managers seem to understand the hard side of downsizing such as the cost of inventory, shipping, severance packages, and plant capacities. Im sure DuPont considered all of these issues. However, they took the issues one step further and considered the softer issues such as morale, loyalty, and the role of the corporate environment on employee motivation and produ ctivity. These issues should be addressed to keep a downsized company alive and well. As history would have it, more companies suffer from downsizing rather than prosper. Why is this the case? Most companies or organizations fail to focus on the entire picture. For instance, they see the need for cutbacks in money and finance, yet they often pay more attention to the people they let go than the ones they keep. They may provide the laid-off workers with outplacement counseling, resume writing assistance, and other sources for potential job leads. Some companies even extend their health benefits, offer early retirement incentives, and often give severance packages. But, wheres the generosity for those who remain to do the work? The blow of staying with a company that has downsized needs to be softened too. Employees often feel threatened that their own jobs may be in jeopardy, they may have a growing mistrust of the company, and they have little understanding of what management is doi ng or what their role will be in the companys future. Managers must pay attention to the survivors too. Beowulf the hero EssayAs we look at the reasons for downsizing, it is easy to justify the needs from an organizational and business point of view. When considering the needs of employees and the affects of downsizing on them, the picture looks very different. While a company has to do what is necessary to stay alive in the competitive world of business, it also has a moral obligation to its employees and the community. Whether or not it chooses to consider the needs of its employees and the community during a downsizing phase will greatly affect the outcome of the process and alter the benefits of the lay-off. While the companys profits are its main concern, it must be careful of the way it implements the downsizing in order for the outcome to be adaptive and positive. If the profitability is the only criteria for downsizing and the company has disgruntled and non-focused employees, the outcome of the downsizing will apparently be disruptive, causing low morale in the workforce, wh ich breeds lower productivity. If the employees can see the efforts of the company to exhaust all other possibilities before the lay-off and consider the needs and feelings of the employee and the affects on the community, they may be able to look upon the company with trust and security. A developed plan or focus for their future may allow survivors of the downsizing to adapt to the change in a more positive manner. Involvement by the Human Resource department should ease the pain of those affected by the lay-off. Counseling, job placement programs, and benefit options are all concerns for the laid-off employee. It is the responsibility of the HR department to ease the pain and keep the lines of communication open between the employee and management. Management is responsible for the decisions, but the HR department should insure that the management follows all moral and legal obligations to the employee. In order for this new change in American business to be adaptive, complete an d thorough plans should be carried out in the process of downsizing in order for the company and employee alike to accept new ideas and focus on the new direction brought about by the change. Survivors of the downsize process must have confidence in the companys honesty and its ability to secure their jobs. They must outline a strategic plan to keep morale and productivity on an upward trend.Bibliography:Big payoffs from layoffs. Business Week, G.Koretz p.30 Feb. 24 1997. Downs, Alan; Corporate Executions. AMACON, 135 West ST. New York, N.Y. 1995Downsizing is Bad for Business. USA Today,J.ChallengerVol. 125, p66-68. Jan.1997Learn From My Mistakes. Money, Apr. 1995, p.15Meyer, C.J.; Executive Blues, Down and Out In CorporateAmerica. Franklin Square Press, 666 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 1995Negbenebor, Willis; Principles of Economics. CT Publishing Company, Redding Calif. 1996. North American Free Trade Agreement. Vol.1, US GovernmentPrinting Office, 192-330-817/70635, 1995. Online News Flash. Business Week; Dec. 11,1996Seeking A Payoff. J Freedman, Business Week p. 100Jan. 8, 1990. The Casualties of Downsizing, B.B. Auster. US News AndWorld Report. Vol.118,p.31, Jan. 9,1995. The Ethics of Downsizing. Navron Associates NewsletterApr.95. Who Says Job Anxiety Is Easing? A. Bernstein, Busniss Week p.38, Apr.7,1997.

Causes and Effects of Overpopulation Essay Example

Causes and Effects of Overpopulation Paper The most effective tools in the con-q quest of disease have been improved knowledge about nutrition, vaccinations, bet-term public health practices and the development of new medicines 17 In the late ass, a baby born in Iceland was 32 times more likely to live to the age of one year as a baby born in Afghanistan. 8 The major reason for this large differ-once in survival rate is nutrition. In many nations the people know about proper nutrition for young children and adults. The second most important factor is vaccinations. As far back as 1800, science-tests knew how to use vaccines to protect people from infectious disease. Use of that knowledge has reduced the rate of diseases like influenza, smallpox, polio and rubella in Meds. Again, lack of resources has prevented many Third, better public health practices– the germ theory of disease, discovered by Louis Pasteur in the sass clearly demonstrated that a arson’s health was also a community problem. Sewage dumped into a public water supply could cause dish-ease throughout the community. With this understanding, the science of public health was born. Today, public health measures like waste treatment, water purify-action, vaccination, and nutritional education are well developed in Meds And finally, with the advent of new medicines, disease was less of a problem in Meds because medical science has invented a whole range of new medicines with which to treat everything from infections to pneumonia. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes and Effects of Overpopulation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Causes and Effects of Overpopulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Causes and Effects of Overpopulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In many Lads, new drugs and medicines are simply not available. 2 Progress in medical science has, therefore, had a great effect on the population of most nations of the world. Nearly everywhere death rates have fallen. Rapid population growth can affect both the overall quality of life and the degree of huh-man suffering on Earth. 31 Decline in the Death Rate: Reduced mortality rate is one of the leading causes of overpopulation. Due to medical advancements, many of the once incurable diseases have cures today. Owing to advances in both preventive and curative medicine, diseases have either been eradicated or have more effective treatments now. There are effective ways to control epidemics and there are better measures to treat critical health ailments, thus leading to a drop in death rates. Developments in medicine have led to reduced mortality and increase in the average life expectancy of humans. Infant mortality rates are very low and cases of deaths during childbirth are less frequent. Good prenatal care has improved the chances of survival for both the mother and the baby. Rise in the Birth Rate: Once again owing to advances in medicine, the average birth rate has gone up. Due to various fertility treatments available today, there are effective solutions to infertility problems, which increases chances of conception. Due to modern medicine, pregnancies are safer. In case of inception after a fertility treatment, there are chances of a multiple pregnancy, further contributing to increasing birth rates. In addition to this, there is a social pressure to have children. Lack of Education: Illiteracy is another important factor that contributes to overpopulation. Those lacking education fail to understand the need to curb population growth. Modern methods of birth control and family planning don’t reach the illiterate sections Of society. Furthermore, due to lack of awareness there is resistance in adopting such methods. The illiterate are unable to understand what impact overpopulation can have. The educated class can make more responsible decisions about marriage and childbirth. Thus education is an effective tool to curb overpopulation. Cultural Influences: The concept of birth control is not widely accepted. Adopting birth control measures is considered taboo in certain cultures. Some cultures foster beliefs where marrying at a certain age or having a certain number of children is considered to be ideal. In some cultures male children are preferred. This indirectly forces couples to produce children till a child of the preferred gender is conceived. Plus, there is a pressure from the Emily and society to have children. Social norms influence decisions of starting and extending one’s family. In cultures where a woman’s role is considered to be that of a child-bearer, large families become the norm. By Manila Oak (7/1 1/2012) – Effects of Overpopulation:Water and Air Pollution Water and air pollution continue to affect the lives of many Americans. Since the creation of the Clean Water and Clean Air Acts, significant improvements have been made to our overall water and air quality, but studies show the problem still persists at harmful levels. Beginning in the sass, pollution increased to levels comparable to those found in the 1 sass. The following information will show evidence Of this scenario-Despite our best efforts, pollution remains a major threat to our general health and well-being. Conceptualization growth will only make these conditions worse. Water Pollution America’s Troubled Waters, a report by US Public Interest Research Groups (U.S. PRIG), cites the following statistics regarding the state of America’s waterways: Approximately 39 % of our rivers, 46% of our lakes, and 51% of our estuaries are still too polluted for safe fishing or swimming. Pollution caused early 20,000 beach closings in 2004, the highest level in 15 years. In 2004, 31 states had statewide fish consumption advisories in place because of toxic pollution. The Pea’s Waddle Streams Assessment finds that 42% of all U. S. Stream miles are in poor condition. Marathon half of those found in the eastern portion of the U. S. And 40% of those in the central region are considered to be in poor condition. According to American Rivers and the website healthiness. Org: Eighty percent of streams contain insecticides, drugs, or other chemicals. During 2002 and 2003, in just Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota and Missouri, pollution in rivers and streams killed 3. 5 million fish. The number of miles Of rivers containing fish that may be harmful to your health due to pollution, increased from 2% to 14% from 1993 to 2001. Waterborne germs and parasites cause an estimated 7. Million mild-to- moderate cases of infectious disease in the U. S. Annually. Every year more than 1. 2 trillion gallons of untreated sewage, storm water and industrial waste are discharged into U. S. Waters. The EPA warns that sewage levels in our rivers could be back to sass levels by the year 2016 Air Pollution The Environmental Defense Fund reports that 80% of the cancer risks from air pollutants nationwide is from mobile transportation sources. As our cities and suburbs continue to grow at record pace, pollution emitted by commuters will only grow worse. About 70 percent of the heavy construction equipment used in California in 2005 was old enough not to have to face any emission control regulations, according to the union of Concerned Scientists. According to the air pollution program of Clear the Air, a collective of grassroots and environmental organizations dedicated to combating global arming: Electricity generation is our nation’s largest source of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The Clean Air Act and other environmental measures have not succeeded in lowering power plant pollution. EPA and other studies have shown that far greater reductions are needed to meaningfully reduce the public health and environmental damage caused by ASS emissions from power plants. Fine particle pollution results in the premature deaths of more than 45,000 people in the U. S. Each year. Plagued by Pollution, a report by US PRIG, cites the following statistics regarding the State Of America’s air: While our air quality has improved in the U. S. Since the inception of the Clean Air Act of 1970, more than 88 million Americans still live in areas with unsafe levels of fine particle pollution. In 2004, fine particle pollution exceeded the annual and/or daily national health standard at air quality monitors in 55 small, mid-sized, and large metropolitan areas located in 21 states and home to 96 million people. Negative Population Growth â €“ GNP – is a national membership organization founded in 1 972 to educate the American public and political leaders about he detrimental effects of overpopulation on our environment, resources and quality of life. NP advocates a smaller and truly sustainable united States population accomplished through voluntary incentives for smaller families and reduced immigration levels. We are pleased to provide to you this fact sheet as part of our Effects of Overpopulation educational series. We sincerely hope you will use this information in your classroom in order to educate your students regarding the detrimental effects of an overpopulated nation. We also welcome your feedback on how to make this series more effective in reaching today’s youth OVERPOPULATION Overpopulation is a term that refers to a condition by which the population density enlarges to a limit that provokes the environmental deterioration, a remarkable decline in the quality of life, or a population co llapse. The term population density denotes the number of inhabitants dwelling in a specific area, for example: 100 inhabitants per square Kilometer. The impact of human populations on the environment has been severe. Some animal species have been extinguished or forced to live in inhospitable regions by the advance of urban areas; pollution is a problem that is increasing gradually because we are using more cars. Emerging countries industrialization is not paying attention to environmental issues because of the feeding demands of their ever-growing populations. The human overpopulation has been credited to diverse factors, as the increment in life-span, the absence of natural enemies, the improvement in the quality of life, and the accessibility to get better goods. Every year, more than 81 million people add the world-wide population. Every 10 years almost one billion inhabitants are added to the world’s population. CURRENT EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION Due to the opening out o f human settings, 1 6 million hectares of forest are chopped down each year. The accelerated growth of the human populations has propitiated the destruction of natural habitats of many species. People are invading the habitats of those species, replacing them to inhospitable places and condemning the native species to the extinction. The speed of extinction of plants and animals attributable to human activities is 1 0,000 times faster than the natural quotient. About 5 million people die every year from illnesses associated to organic wastes. Too dense human communities produce tons of solid wastes (organic and inorganic waste) daily, consume large quantities of energy and emit more pollutants to the environment. Water necessities will increase to by 2025. Approximately, one half Of wetlands around the world have been lost since 1900. In LISA, consumption of materials (wood, metals, synthetics, etc. ) has grown 18-fold since 1900. The Ozone layer has been gradually ruined by the eff ect of the CIFS. The concentration of CIFS has been increased as the human population has grown, and the thickness of the Ozone layer has been lesser to the extent that a hole in the layer has been formed. Scientists have found that there are there emissions derived from human activities, which have contributed to the depletion Of the ozone layer. Inhale, Nanas. (2003). Overpopulation. Published on 10 November 2003 by Biology Cabinet Organization. Http://Boca. Org/overpopulation. HTML. Last visit on (day) (month) (year). Retrieved from http://www. Boca. Org/ overpopulation. HTML Effects of overpopulation Food Shortage The more people there are, the greater amount Of food is needed. If there is not enough food to feed people in a specific place, then there is food shortage in that place. When people do not get enough food, their health is effected. People become undernourished when they do not have enough food to eat. Undernourished children are more likely to get sick. Water Shortag e When population increases, the demand for water also increases. Farmers need more water to irrigate their fields so that they can produce more crops. Factories need more water to use in manufacturing more goods. More households need more water for drinking, cooking, washing clothes, personal hygiene and many other activities. Water shortage is evident when people have to walk a long way to get water, or when they have to queue up to get it. Many people do not have access to potable water. They get their water from springs, rivers, wells and rain. The quality fatter that people get may be poor. Water shortage in a community can bring about problems related to sanitation and health. Limited Space The population of a place increases in just a short time. However, the space in a place remains the same. When the houses in a neighborhood are overcrowded, it shows that the population in the area is too big. This is a common sight in a city. Many poor people build shanties along creeks, i n dumpiest or along railroads. More than one family may share a shanty. Overpopulation in a community can limit space for housing. Health Problems Food shortage, overcrowding poor water supply and environmental pollution affect the health of the people, particularly the children. Poor environmental sanitation is a major cause of diseases such as diarrhea, typhoid and cholera. Dirty insects such as flies and cockroaches contaminate food with disease- causing germs. Many children who play barefoot in dirty areas and do not wash their hands before eating become infected with worms. Some respiratory’ diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumonia and bronchitis are worsened by polluted air.